Decoupling Economic Growth from Emissions
Decoupling refers to reducing or stopping the link between economic growth and environmental damage, especially greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Absolute decoupling occurs when the economy grows while emissions decrease, which is ideal for sustainable development.
Relative decoupling happens when both GDP and emissions grow, but GDP grows faster than emissions, indicating progress but not eliminating environmental harm.
India’s Progress and Claim
India’s Economic Survey (2023-24) claims relative decoupling, with GDP growing at a 7% compound annual growth rate (CAGR)between 2005 and 2019, while GHG emissions grew at a slower 4% CAGR.
However, the Survey does not clarify if this represents absolute or relative decoupling.
Since 1990, India’s GDP has grown six-fold, while emissions only tripled, indicating relative decoupling in the economy and major sectors like agriculture and manufacturing.
Challenges and Importance of Absolute Decoupling
Absolute decoupling, where economic growth occurs without increasing emissions, remains the ideal goal but is challenging, especially for developing countries like India.
India’s emissions are expected to rise as its economy continues to grow, making absolute decoupling difficult in the near future.
While relative decoupling is a positive step, India’s long-term climate commitments require further efforts toward reducing emissions and achieving absolute decoupling.
Future Efforts for Sustainable Growth
Achieving absolute decoupling will require continued efforts in renewable energy, emission mitigation, and sustainable development.
Policymaking will play a key role in ensuring economic growth and environmental preservation can coexist, supporting a prosperous and sustainable future for India.
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