Struggle for Equality and Dignity in Indian Prisons
Sukanya Shantha v. Union of India (2024): Supreme Court struck down caste-based segregation in prisons, upholding the right to non-discrimination.
Caste-based labor assignments (e.g., marginalized castes doing cleaning jobs) were deemed discriminatory, violating prisoners’ equality rights under Articles 14 and 15.
Prem Shankar Shukla v. Delhi Administration (1980): Court ruled that classifying prisoners by social status (e.g., “better” vs. “ordinary” prisoners) for handcuffing was irrational and unconstitutional.
Inacio Manuel Miranda v. State (1988): Court struck down rules that allowed “Class-I” prisoners more letters, highlighting the unfairness of arbitrary distinctions in prisoners' rights
The Calcutta High Court's 2012 decision highlighted the need for political prisoners to be treated with dignity
granting them certain amenities like writing materials, beds, and newspapers, which should extend to all prisoners.
Way forward
All prisoners should be entitled to basic living conditions, including proper beds, hygiene, and rights to communication, irrespective of their legal classification.
Updating the Model Prison Manual 2016 to ensure all prisoners receive dignified treatment, blurring distinctions based on caste, class, or political affiliation.
The state should amend prison rules to ensure that all prisoners enjoy equal rights to dignity and basic amenities, irrespective of their offense or background.
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