Air Quality Index (AQI)
AQI measures the concentration of pollutants like PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, NH3, and Pb.
It helps assess air quality in a location, with "good" air (0-50) to "severe" levels (above 300).
Health Impacts of Poor Air Quality
PM2.5 is particularly harmful as it penetrates deep into the lungs, affecting respiratory and cardiovascular health.
Long-term exposure to pollution is linked to increased risks of cancer, systemic inflammation, and premature death.
In 2019, 1.67 million deaths in India were linked to air pollution, with Delhi having a higher-than-average death rate due to PM pollution.
The poor suffer disproportionately from pollution exposure, with children in lower-income areas facing more severe health consequences.
Contributors to Delhi’s Pollution
Vehicles contribute to more than half of Delhi's PM2.5 levels (34% from exhaust, 24% from tyre/brake wear).
While stubble burning in neighboring states contributes to pollution, it is not the sole factor—Delhi’s own emissions are significant.
In winter, cold air traps pollutants, making the air worse, while factors like wind and rain help improve air quality during other seasons.
Policy Gaps and Ineffectiveness
Measures like "odd-even" vehicle restrictions and water sprinklers are short-term and ineffective, offering no long-term solution.
Both the Delhi and central governments blame each other for the pollution crisis without taking effective steps.
Need for Sustainable Solutions
A shift toward sustainable urban design and transport, including cleaner public transportation and better last-mile connectivity, is crucial.
Transitioning from private vehicles to cleaner energy public transport would significantly reduce vehicle-related pollution.
Addressing pollution requires more than temporary measures; it needs a comprehensive health strategy, including pollution monitoring and awareness programs.
A long-term strategy should focus on reducing emissions, improving public transport, and enhancing green spaces.
Government and public sector collaboration is essential for effective pollution control, especially in tackling the root causes of air pollution in the city.
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