Why in News
Ambros and Ruvkun won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering microRNA (miRNA) and its role in gene regulation, impacting all cells.
Function of microRNA
miRNAs are small RNA molecules (about 22 bases long) that bind to messenger RNA (mRNA) to prevent protein synthesis.
They regulate protein production by marking mRNA for destruction or blocking it from being used in protein creation.
This regulation is essential for various cellular processes, including development, cell differentiation, and response to stress and disease.
Importance of RNA
RNA, including mRNA and miRNA, is crucial for translating genetic information from DNA into proteins.
It plays a key role in cellular functions and is involved in the regulation of about 60% of human genes.
Understanding RNA mechanisms is fundamental to biology and can lead to breakthroughs in medical treatments.
RNA's Role in Medicine
miRNAs are being researched for their therapeutic potential, especially in conditions like cancer, where they can target abnormal protein production.
Early clinical trials faced challenges, such as delivery methods and safety concerns, leading to trial halts.
Ongoing research and advancements in delivery techniques have revitalized interest, with many clinical trials currently exploring miRNA applications in various diseases.
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