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Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun received the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering microRNAs and their role in gene regulation.
Role of microRNAs in gene regulation
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression after the transcription of DNA to mRNA, influencing gene activity in specific cell types.
They enable precise control of gene expression, ensuring that only the correct genes are active in cells like muscle, intestinal, and nerve cells, allowing them to perform their specialized functions
Dysregulated miRNA expression is linked to various diseases, including:
Cancer: Abnormal miRNA levels can lead to tumor growth by affecting processes like cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis.
Autoimmune Disorders: Disruption of miRNA function can initiate autoantibody production, contributing to conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
Some miRNAs are being studied as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, helping identify disease presence and progression.
Researchers are exploring miRNAs for targeted therapies, aiming to correct dysregulated expressions in diseases.
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