Historical Context
The Ukraine war has showcased the continued relevance of tanks in modern warfare, highlighting their adaptability and importance alongside long-range firepower.
The 2020 stand-off in Eastern Ladakh involved the deployment of tanks by both India and China at high altitudes.
Current Situation
In September 2024, the Indian Army demonstrated the capabilities of its T-90 tanks and BMP-2 armored carriers in Eastern Ladakh.
Maintaining and operating tanks in extreme high-altitude conditions poses significant challenges due to rarefied air and low temperatures.
The T-90 and BMP-2 are equipped with advanced features, including main guns, machine guns, ATGMs, and amphibious capabilities.
Infrastructure and Deployments
India has significantly augmented its infrastructure and deployments in Ladakh since 2012, including longer-tenure troops and tank regiments.
The 2020 Galwan clash led to a major increase in troops and equipment in the region.
India deployed K9 Vajra self-propelled Howitzers and additional tanks and BMPs to counter Chinese build-up.
Challenges and Adaptations
High-Altitude Operations: Tanks face challenges due to rarefied air, low temperatures, and high wear and tear.
Technological Adaptations: India has implemented measures to address these challenges, including specialized lubricants, winterization kits, and maintenance facilities.
The Army is developing countermeasures to address threats like long-range projectiles and drones.
Future Developments
India is exploring options for acquiring a new generation "Future Tank" to replace existing tanks.
The indigenous light tank "Zorawar" is under development to meet the need for agile and maneuverable tanks.
India is upgrading its existing BMP-2 armored carriers and considering procurement of other variants.
Conclusion
Tanks remain a crucial component of modern warfare, and their role is evolving in response to changing threats and technological advancements.
India is investing in the development and acquisition of advanced tanks and armored vehicles to maintain its military capabilities and address the challenges posed by potential adversaries.
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