What is Cholera?
Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, usually transmitted through contaminated water or food.
Symptoms: It leads to severe diarrhea, vomiting, leg cramps, and weakness. If untreated, it can cause rapid dehydration and death.
Individuals with low immunity, such as malnourished children and people with HIV/AIDS, are at higher risk.
Global Cholera Distribution
In 2023, reported cholera deaths rose by 17%, and cases increased by 13%. Approximately 4,000 deaths occurred last year.
As of 2024, 22 countries are experiencing active cholera outbreaks, with notable cases in India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Nepal.
Cholera cases in the Middle East and Asia have declined, while cases in Africa have more than doubled.
Key Factors Contributing to Cholera Resurgence
Increased flooding and droughts, influenced by climate change, facilitate the spread of cholera.
Lack of access to clean water and sanitation facilities contributes significantly to cholera outbreaks.
Ongoing conflicts and population displacements exacerbate the situation by disrupting health services and access to clean water.
Way Forward
The Global Task Force for Cholera Control (GTFCC) aims to end cholera by 2030 through multi-sectoral interventions, including improving sanitation and hygiene.
There is an urgent need for sustainable funding for clean water, sanitation, and hygiene services.
Increasing local manufacturing of oral cholera vaccines (OCV) is essential to address outbreaks effectively.
Raising community awareness about hygiene and cholera prevention is critical in vulnerable areas.
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