What is a Retraction Index?
The retraction index measures the frequency of retractions in a journal
Calculated as the number of retractions in a given period multiplied by 1,000 and divided by the total number of published articles.
A higher retraction index indicates a higher rate of retractions relative to the volume of publications, suggesting issues with research integrity.
Papers in high-impact journals are more likely to be retracted compared to those in lower-impact journals.
Why Do Researchers Use Potentially Duplicated or Manipulated Work?
The academic culture of "publish or perish" drives researchers to prioritize quantity over quality, often leading to unethical practices.
Research output significantly influences university rankings, pushing institutions to promote higher publication rates.
Some researchers buy low-quality or fraudulent papers from paper mills, which produce fake academic work, to quickly meet publication requirements.
Achieving more publications can enhance prospects for promotions, grants, and awards, incentivizing some to engage in misconduct.
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