What is an NDC?
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are plans that countries submit to outline their strategies for reducing carbon emissions and achieving net-zero targets.
Initially updated every five years, countries are now encouraged to update their NDCs every two years.
Why Would We Be Hearing About NDCs Now?
The next round of NDC updates are due in February 2025, although some countries could announce plans during this week’s U.N. General Assembly in New York.
Others might opt to share their newest plans during the upcoming U.N. climate summit, COP29, being held in Azerbaijan
Where Did the Net-Zero Goal Come From?
The net-zero goal originates from the 2015 Paris Agreement, where countries committed to limiting global warming to within 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
To meet this goal, global emissions must reach net-zero by 2050, with a significant reduction (about 50% from 2005 levels) needed by 2030.
Why Are NDCs Important?
NDCs allow countries to set individual plans for meeting global emissions targets set by the Paris Agreement.
More than 170 countries submitted their NDCs ahead of COP26, indicating collective commitment, even if ambitions vary.
The next round aims for more ambitious emissions targets for 2030 and 2035.
What Else Should We Look for in the NDCs?
Strong NDCs should include:
Clear emissions reduction targets for major sectors like energy and transportation.
Strategies to monitor progress and adapt to climate impacts.
Detailed plans for clean energy transition and job creation in green technologies.
Transparency regarding any setbacks in climate policy.
What If a Country Falls Short?
NDC commitments are voluntary, with no legal penalties for failure to meet goals.
Countries must monitor and report their progress under the Paris Agreement.
Some nations, like Britain and Chile, have made their NDCs legally binding at the national level.
While not legally enforceable, countries can face lawsuits for inadequate climate action, as evidenced by recent court rulings in Europe.
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