Changing Political Landscape in India’s Neighbourhood (Past 16 Years)
Bangladesh
From 2008-10, Sheikh Hasina's rise to power marked a shift from military rule to democratic governance.
India played a key role in ensuring free elections and fostering a strong partnership with Hasina's government.
Sri Lanka
The defeat of the LTTE in 2009, after 33 years, was partly due to India’s engagement
This ended a long-standing conflict, allowing India to strengthen ties with a unified Sri Lanka.
Maldives
The transition from autocratic rule to multi-party democracy began in 2008 with Mohamed Nasheed’s election.
India supported this democratic shift and stabilized the Maldives’ fledgling democracy.
At present, India initially struggled to anticipate President Mohamed Muizzu’s rise and did not engage with him early on.
However, India has since worked to improve relations and support the new administration.
Myanmar
Elections in 2010 marked the end of 20 years of military rule, and subsequent elections saw Aung San Suu Kyi’s party winning.
However, a military coup in 2021 disrupted the democratic process again.
Pakistan
In 2008, Pakistan saw the election of a civilian government, ending Pervez Musharraf’s presidency.
This was a positive shift towards civilian rule.
India’s Role in Supporting Democratic Transitions
India helped ensure free and fair elections in Bangladesh and Maldives, and supported democratic processes in Sri Lanka.
Provided financial aid and development support to stabilize and strengthen democracies, including aid to Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.
Maintained relationships with various political factions in neighboring countries to support democratic stability and handle shifts in power.
Offered timely economic bailouts, such as to Sri Lanka, and adjusted strategies in response to political upheavals in countries like the Maldives and Myanmar.
Navigated complex situations, such as Myanmar’s military coup and the Taliban’s takeover in Afghanistan, to protect its interests while supporting democratic forces.
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