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Cities and population UPSC NOTE

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  Why in news Cities around the world, especially in Asia , are growing upwards faster than they are spreading outwards, a new study publi...

 Why in news

  • Cities around the world, especially in Asia, are growing upwards faster than they are spreading outwards, a new study published in Nature Cities has found. 

  • In an increasingly urbanising world, taller buildings can accommodate more people in less space but they can also negatively affect existing infrastructure, the local environment, and even the climate.

How Urban Areas Have Accommodated Rapid Population Growth

  • Cities are increasingly building upwards with skyscrapers and high-rise buildings.

  • Utilizing smaller land footprints by constructing multi-story residential and commercial buildings.

  • Expanding and modernizing transportation and utilities to support dense populations.

Challenges and Implications of Vertical Growth

  • Increased demand on existing utilities like water, sewage, and transportation.

  • Higher energy consumption and reduced green spaces.

  • Greater disparities in living conditions and access to amenities.


What is the Urban "Heat Island" Effect?

  • Urban areas experience higher temperatures than their rural surroundings due to dense construction and lack of vegetation.

  • Cause: 

    • Absorption and retention of heat by buildings and pavements, 

    • reduced airflow

    • elevated energy use


Indian Context

  • More stringent building height regulations compared to some East Asian cities.

  • Major cities show both vertical and horizontal expansion, but smaller cities and towns often grow outwardly.

  • Many Indian cities struggle with outdated master plans and insufficient urban infrastructure.

Way Forward

  • Update master plans to address modern needs, including climate resilience and efficient resource management.

  • Integrate vertical growth with green spaces and improved public transport to mitigate negative impacts.

  • Tailor urban policies to local conditions and needs, ensuring they are adaptable and forward-looking

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Cities and population UPSC NOTE
Cities and population UPSC NOTE
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