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Vaccine-derived polio UPSC NOTE

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  What is Vaccine-Derived Polio? Vaccine-derived polio occurs when the weakened poliovirus used in the oral polio vaccine (OPV) mutates an...

 What is Vaccine-Derived Polio?

  • Vaccine-derived polio occurs when the weakened poliovirus used in the oral polio vaccine (OPV) mutates and regains the ability to cause paralysis.

  • The OPV contains a live, weakened virus that can replicate in the intestines and be shed in feces. 

  • Rarely, this virus can mutate and cause disease in areas with low vaccination rates or poor sanitation.

  • If this mutated virus spreads in the community and is detected in multiple sources over time, it is classified as circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2)

Types of Poliovirus

  • Wild Poliovirus Type 1 (WPV1): Most common and can cause severe polio outbreaks.

  • Wild Poliovirus Type 2 (WPV2): Eradicated as of 2015.

  • Wild Poliovirus Type 3 (WPV3): Eradicated as of 2019.

  • All types of wild polioviruses cause similar symptoms but differ in their geographical spread and impact.

More About Polio Vaccines

Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV):

  • Developer: Jonas Salk, 1950s.

  • Contains inactivated (killed) virus particles.

  • Administration: Injected into the muscle.

  • Advantage: No risk of causing vaccine-associated polio; induces systemic immunity.

Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV):

  • Developer: Albert Sabin, 1960s.

  • Contains live, weakened virus.

  • Administration: Given orally

  • Advantage: Easier to administer and less expensive; provides community-wide immunity.

  • Rarely, the weakened virus can revert and cause polio.


Current Status

  • In 2020, a modified type 2 oral polio vaccine (nOPV2) was introduced to reduce the risk of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Vaccine-derived polio UPSC NOTE
Vaccine-derived polio UPSC NOTE
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