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Sunspot UPSC NOTE

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  Why in news Astronomers at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) have found a new way to probe deeper into the sun’s secrets by study...

 Why in news

  • Astronomers at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) have found a new way to probe deeper into the sun’s secrets by studying the magnetic fields at different layers of the solar atmosphere. 

  • The astronomers have done this using data from IIA’s Kodaikanal Tower Tunnel Telescope

  • IIA astronomers have examined an active region (sunspot) with complex features, including multiple umbrae and a penumbra, through simultaneous observations in the Hydrogen-alpha and Calcium II 8662 Å lines from the Kodaikanal Tower Tunnel telescope.

Sunspot

  • Sunspots (some as large as 50,000 km in diameter) are areas that appear dark on the surface of the Sun (photosphere)

    • Photosphere is a visible surface of the Sun, from which is emitted most of the Sun’s light that reaches Earth directly.

  • They appear dark because they are cooler than other parts of the Sun’s surface.

  • However, the temperature of a sunspot is still very hot —around 6,500 degrees Fahrenheit

  • They are relatively cool because they form at areas where magnetic fields are particularly strong. 

  • These magnetic fields are so strong that they keep some of the heat within the Sun from reaching the surface.

  • Magnetic field in such areas is about 2,500 times stronger than Earth’s.

  • They typically consist of a dark region called the ‘umbra’, which is surrounded by a lighter region called the ‘penumbra’.

  • In every solar cycle, the number of Sunspots increases and decreases.

  • The current solar cycle, which began in 2008, is in its ‘solar minimum’ phase, when the number of Sunspots and solar flares is at a routine low.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Sunspot UPSC NOTE
Sunspot UPSC NOTE
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