Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)
SMRs are advanced nuclear reactors that have a power capacity of up to 300 MW(e) per unit, which is about one-third of the generating capacity of traditional nuclear power reactors.
SMRs, which can produce a large amount of low-carbon electricity, are,
Small: Physically a fraction of the size of a conventional nuclear power reactor.
Modular: Making it possible for systems and components to be factory-assembled and transported as a unit to a location for installation.
Reactors: Harnessing nuclear fission to generate heat to produce energy.
Their designs incorporate enhanced safety features, reducing the risk of uncontrolled radioactive material release.
SMRs are designed to operate for 40-60 years with capacity factors exceeding 90%
Advantages
Reliable Low-carbon Electricity Source
Promoted for Decarbonization
Minimized Land Acquisition Challenges
Alternatives to Critical Minerals
Integration with India's Energy Strategy : net-zero emissions by 2070
Potential of SMRs
Nuclear energy plays a crucial role in the global energy mix, bridging the gap as renewable technologies advance and fossil fuels, particularly coal, remain prevalent and cost-effective
SMRs, aim to provide a safer and more economical alternative to traditional nuclear reactors by leveraging their
modular design, higher energy content of nuclear fuel, and lower capital costs
Challenges
Lengthy and intricate regulatory processes for SMRs
Existing policies may need updates to accommodate SMRs
Higher power tariffs from newer facilities due to fixed baseline costs and safety requirements
Use of low-enriched uranium and production of plutonium could stress proliferation controls
Balancing high safety standards with commercial feasibility
SMRs require more frequent refueling compared to larger reactors
Handling and disposing of plutonium and other waste
Potential increase in operational costs with more sophisticated systems
Integrating SMRs into existing grids requires infrastructure update
Effectively conveying SMR benefits and safety measures to the public
Addressing environmental impacts associated with SMR facilities
Adhering to International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards increases complexity and costs.
Significant investment required for technological advancements
Implementing measures to secure SMR facilities and prevent misuse
Economic viability dependent on stable market conditions and cost management.
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