Challenges for Creating Sustainable Mass Employment
Many workers face very low wages, which undermine job quality and dignity.
Short-duration skill programs often lead to low long-term employment outcomes due to inadequate wage levels.
States with better human development indicators (e.g., Tamil Nadu, Kerala) show higher consumption and employment quality compared to states with fewer vocational opportunities (e.g., Odisha)
India has relatively low public employment compared to developed countries, affecting job creation.
Many technical training institutes suffer from outdated facilities and lack quality.
Vocational training is often not integrated with formal education, leading to gaps in employability.
Women-led and first-generation enterprises face challenges accessing working capital loans.
Way Forward
Implement community-based action plans for identifying and addressing local employment and skilling needs.
Converge initiatives across education, health, and employment with community involvement to enhance effectiveness.
Introduce need-based vocational courses in colleges and standardize training programs, particularly for healthcare.
Develop a community cadre of trained crèche care-givers to support working women.
Invest in improving Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) and polytechnics for better skill development.
Incorporate enterprise and technology skills into high school curriculums and promote start-up training.
Develop co-sharing models for apprenticeships with industry to ensure mutual investment and better outcomes.
Streamline working capital loans for women-led and first-generation enterprises, using technology to enhance credit access
Establish a universal skill accreditation program for training institutions and co-sponsor candidates with the state and industry.
Utilize MGNREGA funds in high-deprivation areas to improve livelihood opportunities and skill productivity.
Scale up apprenticeships with a focus on ensuring dignified wages and effective skill acquisition
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