India’s Neighbour
Pakistan: Longstanding tensions over Kashmir, cross-border terrorism, and bilateral trade issues.
Sri Lanka: Complex relations influenced by Tamil insurgency issues and regional strategic interests.
Nepal: Relations have been tested by border disputes and political shifts, including recent changes in government.
Maldives: India has engaged in development aid and security cooperation but faced challenges with recent anti-India sentiments and political changes.
Bangladesh: Relations have been impacted by political changes and issues related to migration and citizenship laws.
Bhutan: Generally positive relations with strong economic and strategic ties.
India supports Bhutan’s development and security, though there are occasional concerns over Bhutan’s relationship with China.
Afghanistan: Engagement has included developmental aid and diplomatic support, but relations have been complicated by the Taliban takeover and regional security issues
India’s Challenges
Slow response to political changes, as seen in Bangladesh, leading to unexpected consequences.
Over-reliance on ruling parties, ignoring opposition groups, which can be problematic during political shifts.
Policies like the Citizenship (Amendment) Act seen as discriminatory, affecting regional perceptions.
Influence of China and the U.S. can undermine India’s regional leadership and interests.
Weakened Regional Mechanisms: SAARC and BIMSTEC’s effectiveness diminished by political conflicts and disputes.
Neighboring countries facing democratic erosion, impacting regional stability.
Joblessness and uneven growth in the region lead to unrest and instability.
Overemphasis on certain allies can lead to diplomatic isolation when political dynamics shift
Way Forward
Foster relationships with both ruling and opposition parties in neighboring countries to stay informed and responsive.
Avoid discriminatory policies and engage in actions that promote inclusivity.
Actively support and reinvigorate regional frameworks like SAARC and BIMSTEC for better regional integration.
Balance relationships with major powers like China and the U.S. while protecting regional interests.
Focus on enhancing economic development and democratic practices both domestically and in neighboring countries.
Avoid diplomatic isolation by maintaining balanced and diverse international relations.
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