Growing Problem of Lung Cancer in India
Lung cancer is rapidly rising in India, contributing to 10% of cancer deaths.
India ranks fourth globally with 81,000 cases and 75,000 deaths reported in 2022.
Over half of lung cancer cases in India are diagnosed at Stage 3 or 4, resulting in poor survival rates due to late detection.
Delayed detection is often due to inadequate screening, resource constraints, and high TB burden.
An augmented intelligence system could improve diagnosis.
Risk Factors
Smoking (cigarettes, beedis, cigars) is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, but non-smokers are also affected.
Rising air pollution levels contribute significantly to lung cancer, with a 30% increase in deaths attributed to pollution since 2007.
Non-smokers may be affected by second-hand smoke, occupational hazards (asbestos, radon), genetic mutations, and chronic lung diseases.
About 40% of lung cancer patients in north India are non-smokers.
Importance of Early Detection
Early detection is crucial to improve outcomes, but India lacks a systematic lung cancer screening program due to cost and logistical issues.
Chest X-rays may miss early-stage lung cancer due to their limitations in detecting smaller nodules or masses.
Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) is recommended for routine screening, showing a 20% reduction in mortality compared to Chest X-rays.
LDCT uses less radiation than traditional CT scans
Way Forward
India needs a national lung cancer screening program to detect cancer early and improve survival rates.
Research into better diagnostic technologies, including blood biomarkers and exhaled breath analysis, is essential for early detection.
Implementing comprehensive smoking cessation programs and addressing occupational exposures are crucial for prevention.
Raising awareness about lung cancer, its risk factors, and the benefits of early detection is vital for improving public health outcomes.
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