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Kalahari desert & Horbills UPSC NOTE

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  Why in news A study found breeding output was negatively correlated with increasing air temperature and the occurrence of drought within ...

 Why in news

  • A study found breeding output was negatively correlated with increasing air temperature and the occurrence of drought within the breeding season

  • Hotter Kalahari desert may stop hornbills breeding by 2027

Kalahari desert

  • The Kalahari Desert is a huge basin-like plain on Southern Africa’s central plateau. 

  • It encompasses nearly all of Botswana, the eastern third of Namibia, and the northernmost part of South Africa’s Northern Cape province. 

  • It merges with Namib, Namibia’s coastal desert, in the southwest.

  • The Bushmen popularly known as San, Khwe, or Basarwa people originally from South Africa and lived in the Kalahari Desert

Hornbills

  • The hornbills (Bucerotidae) are a family of birds found in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia.

  • India is home to nine species of hornbills. 

  • The northeastern region has the highest diversity of hornbill species within India

  • Papum Reserve Forest, Arunachal pradesh,  is a nesting habitat of three species of hornbills

    • Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis), 

    • Wreathed hornbill (Aceros undulatus) 

    • Oriental pied hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris)

  • The great hornbill is the state bird of Arunachal Pradesh and Kerala.

  • They are the cultural symbols of some ethnic communities in the northeast, specifically the Nyishi of Arunachal Pradesh

  • They are referred to as ‘forest engineers’ or ‘farmers of forest’ for playing a key role in 

    • dispersing seeds of tropical trees and 

    • indicate the prosperity and balance of the forest they build nests in

  • The Hornbill festival celebrated in Nagaland is named after the bird – Hornbill which is the most revered and admired bird for the Nagas

  • IUCN Red List : 26 out of the 62 species (40%) are Globally Threatened or Near Threatened with extinction, with all other species listed as Least Concern

  • The great hornbill is evaluated as vulnerable.

  • It is protected at the highest level under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

Threats

  • Hornbills are hunted for their casques — upper beak — and feathers for adorning headgear. 

  • They are also poached for their meat and medicinal value of their body parts.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Kalahari desert & Horbills UPSC NOTE
Kalahari desert & Horbills UPSC NOTE
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