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Indian agriculture sector UPSC NOTE

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  India’s Agricultural Sector and Its Role in Development Agriculture employs nearly 46% of India’s workforce but contributes about 18% to G...

 India’s Agricultural Sector and Its Role in Development

  • Agriculture employs nearly 46% of India’s workforce but contributes about 18% to GDP.

  • To become a developed nation by 2047, India must significantly enhance agricultural productivity and ensure sustainable practices.

  • Emphasis on adopting sustainable practices like precision farming, advanced irrigation, and genetically modified crops.

Challenges Faced by Indian Agriculture

  • Climate Change: Alters weather patterns, affecting crop yields and increasing vulnerability.

  • Loss of arable land due to erosion, salinization, and overuse.

  • Difficulty in accessing markets and getting fair prices, partly addressed by the Electronic National Agriculture Market (eNAM).

  • Growth Disparity: Agricultural GDP growth lags behind overall GDP growth, creating an imbalance.

Initiatives to Support Farmers and Improve Productivity

  • Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY): Promotes water-use efficiency with ₹93,068 crore allocated for irrigation projects.

  • Focuses on expanding irrigation coverage to improve water management across 78 lakh hectares

  • Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): Provides crop insurance, introduced in 2016, with 49.5 crore farmers enrolled and claims over ₹1.45 lakh crore.

  • eNAM: launched in 2016, Integrates 1,361 mandis to enhance market access and price realization, benefiting 1.76 million farmers.

  • Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN): launched in 2019, Provides ₹6,000 annually to over 11.8 crore farmers.

  • Soil Health Card (SHC) Scheme: Distributes 23 crore cards to help optimize soil nutrient use.

  • Agriculture Infrastructure Fund: Supports post-harvest infrastructure with ₹1 lakh crore funding, improving farmer incomes and creating jobs.

  • Within three years, over 38,326 projects have been sanctioned, mobilising ₹30,030 crore in the agricultural infrastructure sector

  • Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas (SVAMITVA) : Generates property cards for over 1.6 crore rural properties, enhancing land security and credit access.


Way Forward

  • Continue promoting sustainable agriculture through technological innovations and best practices.

  • Increase investment in agricultural research, infrastructure, and policy support to boost productivity and address challenges.

  • Plan for future food demands and ensure the agricultural sector can meet these needs sustainably.

  • Strengthen policies and initiatives to improve farmer incomes and productivity, ensuring alignment with the goal of becoming a developed nation by 2047

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Indian agriculture sector UPSC NOTE
Indian agriculture sector UPSC NOTE
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