Why in news
The subgenus Sarbecovirus, of which SARS-CoV-2 is a member, now finds a place on the list of “priority pathogens” in the WHO’s recently-released ‘Pathogens Prioritisation’ report.
The report’s, which is a framework for epidemic and pandemic research preparedness, final list comprises over 30 ‘priority pathogens’.
Evolving landscapes
Nipah Virus: Recently caused a fatality in India.
Zika Virus: Current outbreak in Maharashtra, with over 70 cases reported, including 26 in pregnant women.
Ebola and Zika Viruses: Remain on the list due to their high risk.
Dengue Virus and Influenza A (including H5N1): Added to the priority list.
Mpox: Recent outbreaks in Africa.
Bacterial Pathogens: Includes those causing plague, cholera, pneumonia, dysentery, and non-typhoidal salmonella.
Surveillance must monitor:
Spread and geographic reach
Virulence and transmissibility
Resistance to treatments
Vaccine evasion
Regional Concerns
Southeast Asia faces priorities like cholera, dysentery, dengue, Zika, and chikungunya.
Endemic pathogens include Nipah, Bandavirus, and mosquito-borne viruses.
Challenges faced by global health authorities
Evolving Pathogens
Persistent and Re-emerging Diseases
Antimicrobial Resistance
Global Surveillance and Detection
Limited Resource Allocation
Geographic and Economic Disparities
Public Health Education and Compliance
Complex Coordination and Collaboration
Vaccine Development and Distribution
Managing economic and Social Impact
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