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Dengue's Impact & control UPSC NOTE

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  Dengue's Impact in India Dengue costs India about ₹28,300 crore annually in direct expenses. It leads to 5.68 lakh years of young li...

 Dengue's Impact in India

  • Dengue costs India about ₹28,300 crore annually in direct expenses.

  • It leads to 5.68 lakh years of young life lost every year.

  • Existing methods, like insecticides and community education, have only achieved modest success.

  • India’s dengue vaccines are still under trial, and effective antiviral drugs are not yet available.

Wolbachia Bacterium as a Vector Control Method

  • Wolbachia is a naturally occurring bacterium found in many insects but not in Aedes mosquitoes, which spread dengue.

  • Wolbachia can provide resistance to viral infections and has been shown to reduce the lifespan of some insects, which can help control mosquito populations.

  • Since 2009, Wolbachia has been studied as a potential solution for controlling mosquito-borne diseases.

What is the wMel Strategy?

  • The wMel strain of Wolbachia is used to infect Aedes mosquitoes, which helps reduce dengue transmission.

  • Implementation:

  • Singapore: Released infected male mosquitoes to drastically reduce Aedes populations by 90% through non-viable eggs.

  • Australia: Used a population replacement strategy to spread wMel mosquitoes, leading to a stable wMel population and successful dengue control.

  • Field Trials:

  • Indonesia: A trial showed that wMel mosquitoes reduced dengue cases by about 77% and hospitalizations by 86% over three years.

  • Safety and Long-Term Impact: 

  • The strategy is not considered genetic engineering, as Wolbachia is naturally occurring and does not affect humans

  • The long-term environmental impact is still unknown.

wMel Programs in India

  • India does not yet have an active wMel release program, though trials and research are ongoing.

  • The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is developing wMel mosquito strains in Puducherry, with successful preliminary studies.

  • The wMel strategy could effectively reduce diseases like dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, offering a promising alternative to insecticides.

  • Proper communication and lessons from other countries are essential for the successful implementation of wMel programs in India.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Dengue's Impact & control UPSC NOTE
Dengue's Impact & control UPSC NOTE
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