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Aravalli Range UPSC NOTE

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  Why in news The destruction of the Aravali hills has led to significant loss of vegetation and soil cover. The degradation has disrupted ...

 Why in news

  • The destruction of the Aravali hills has led to significant loss of vegetation and soil cover.

  • The degradation has disrupted local biodiversity, according to a study in Earth Science Informatics.

  • The study used the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) to assess biomass condition, finding the lowest values (0 to -0.2) in the upper central Aravalli region of Nagaur district.

  • The regions in the upper and lower Aravali range recorded high positive rates of carbon flux as they received high rainfall and had protected areas

Aravalli range

  • The Aravalli Range is a mountain range in Northern-Western India

  • Rajasthan occupies 80% of the world’s oldest hill range, while other States — Haryana, Delhi, and Gujarat — have 20% share in the terrain. 

  • With a length of 692 km and a width variation of 10 km to 120 km, Aravali forms an ecotone zone between Thar desert and the Gangetic plain, in a semi-arid environment. 

  • The range comprises over 500 hillocks, and the altitude of its highest peak, Guru Shikhar in Mount Abu, is 1,722 metres

  • The Aravalli Range, an eroded stub of ancient mountains, is believed to be the oldest range of fold mountains in India. (Residual fold mountain)

  • The natural history of the Aravalli Range dates back to times when the Indian Plate was separated from the Eurasian Plate by an ocean

  • It is part of the Indian Shield that formed from a series of cratonic collisions

Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)

  • The EVI is a spatial tool in remote sensing that can be used to estimate the biomass and carbon sequestration potential of forests. 

  • It is also used to monitor the health of forests over large areas by detecting changes in vegetation.

  • It is regarded as the modified version of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with a high potentiality of vegetation monitoring by correcting all the external noises. 

  • Vegetation Indices are calculated from the bilateral surface reflectance that has been concealed for cloud, smoke, aerosols, water, cloud shadows, etc.

  • The value of EVI generally ranges from -1 to 1

  • A value closer to 1 represents healthy vegetation and a value closer to 0 represents unhealthy vegetation. 

  • EVI uses the blue, red, and NIR band

  • It incorporates an “L” value to adjust for canopy background, “C” values as coefficients for atmospheric resistance, and values from the blue band (B).  

  • These enhancements allow for index calculation as a ratio between the red (R) and near infrared (NIR) values, while reducing the background noise, atmospheric noise, and saturation in most cases.

Carbon flux

  • The direction and rate of transfer, or flow, of carbon between Earth’s carbon pools, such as the oceans, atmosphere, land, and other living things. 

  • Carbon fluxes can be :

    • natural exchanges, such as land-atmosphere and ocean-atmosphere fluxes, 

    • anthropogenic exchanges, such as urban carbon fluxes.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Aravalli Range UPSC NOTE
Aravalli Range UPSC NOTE
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