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Scientific research trends UPSC NOTE

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  Scientific research trends across different countries ‘Coronavirus’ was the most published research topic in the world in the last five y...

 Scientific research trends across different countries

  • ‘Coronavirus’ was the most published research topic in the world in the last five years and in the last two decades

  • ‘Coronavirus’ was the most researched topic in India in the last five years and among the top five research topics in the last two decades. 

  • It was the most published research topic in the U.S. over the last five years and in the last two decades. 

  • But it was conspicuously absent from China’s top research topics

  • Some of the other topics that are widely researched are deep learning, and clean and green energy topics such as photocatalysis, supercapacitors, and oxygen reduction reactions. 

  • Deep learning refers to a class of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms characterised by the use of multiple ‘layers’, where each layer transforms and/or manipulates the input data in specific ways. 

  • Engineers have built facial recognition on phones, speech recognition in digital assistants, and recommendation engines on streaming services using deep learning.

  • Chinese researchers have produced more than twice as many papers on the topic of AI as have researchers in the U.S., and more than 45% of the world’s research output on this subject in the last five years. 

  • India’s share remains low even if the topic features among the country’s top five

  • Photocatalysis refers to the acceleration of chemical reactions using light. 

  • Scientists are studying it to make new materials and generate clean energy; a particularly important contemporary focus area is green hydrogen. 

  • Supercapacitors are energy storage devices that trap and hold energy as electrostatic charge. 

  • Supercapacitors are super-powered batteries that can store much more energy and also release it faster. 

  • Their applications include electric vehicles, where fast charging is required, and the renewable energy sector. 

  • The oxygen reduction reaction is an important process in electrochemistry with a starring role in next-generation energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. 

  • Research on these topics is evidently driven by researchers in China

  • The single largest fraction of India’s research output is focused on nanotechnology. 

  • In particular, nanofluids have applications in heat transfer; 

  • silver nanoparticles have applications in antimicrobial and anticancer therapy; and 

  • zinc oxide nanoparticles are essential semiconductor materials with applications in electronics, optoelectronics, ceramics, and cosmetics.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Scientific research trends UPSC NOTE
Scientific research trends UPSC NOTE
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