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India-Based Neutrino Observatory (INO) UPSC NOTE

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  The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) has faced numerous obstacles and delays. If realized, it would become one of the largest basic...

 

  • The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) has faced numerous obstacles and delays.

  • If realized, it would become one of the largest basic science projects in India.

  • Nobel laureate and neutrino researcher Takaaki Kajita advocates for the INO, emphasizing its potential value.

Significance of Neutrinos:

  • Neutrinos are abundant particles that could help us understand the origin of matter in the universe.

  • Historic experiments in Kolar, Karnataka, led to the 1965 discovery of atmospheric neutrinos.

  • This discovery was a collaborative effort between Indian, Japanese, and British scientists.

Japan’s Advancements in Neutrino Research:

  • Japan continued neutrino experiments in the underground Kamioka Observatory under Mount Ikeno.

  • Masatoshi Koshiba’s team discovered cosmic neutrinos in the late 1980s.

  • Japan established the Super-Kamiokande neutrino observatory, began operations in 1996.

  • Koshiba won a Nobel Prize in 2002 for his contributions to neutrino research.

India’s Pursuit of Neutrino Research:

  • Following the closure of the Kolar goldmines in 1992, Indian scientists aimed to build a new observatory.

  • In 2011, the Indian government announced a budget of approximately Rs. 1,350 crores for the INO.

  • The proposed location for the INO is 1.3 km underground in Tamil Nadu.

  • Despite extensive plans, there has been no significant progress, and the project's fate remains uncertain.

Challenges and Opposition to INO:

  • Main opposition reasons include concerns about environmental impact and radioactivity.

  • INO scientists argue that the observatory would be located deep underground, minimizing impact on wildlife and the ecosystem.

  • They assure that the experiment will neither produce nor be affected by radioactivity.

Comparison with Japanese Experience:

  • The Japanese project faced less opposition, as the detector was constructed in an active mine, avoiding additional excavation.

  • The original Japanese experiment aimed to detect proton decay, not neutrinos, thus bypassing radiation concerns.

  • A supernova in 1987, observed while the Kamiokande-II detector was online, significantly boosted public interest in neutrinos.

Benefits of a Local Neutrino Observatory for India:

  • A domestic neutrino observatory would provide Indian scientists and particle physics students access to a world-class detector.

  • In the 1980s, young Japanese researchers benefited greatly from the Kamiokande project.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: India-Based Neutrino Observatory (INO) UPSC NOTE
India-Based Neutrino Observatory (INO) UPSC NOTE
Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam
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