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India and Nepal relationship UPSC NOTE

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  Strained relationship Relations between India and Nepal have dipped severely since 2015 when Narendra Modi and Khadga Prasad Oli were both...

 Strained relationship

  • Relations between India and Nepal have dipped severely since 2015 when Narendra Modi and Khadga Prasad Oli were both Prime Ministers. 

  • The bilateral turbulence started with adoption of the new Constitution by Nepal’s Constituent Assembly in 2015, which New Delhi had wanted reworked. 

  • Some politicians seem to have made promises to Mr. Modi in their New Delhi visits, but in the end they promulgated the draft unamended.

  • While perfunctorily pointing the finger at Madhesi activists of the Tarai plains, New Delhi slapped a devastating blockade on Nepal that lasted nearly six months and generated enough bad blood to last a generation. 

  • Mr. Oli reacted sharply and on the rebound signed 10 agreements with Beijing, extending from trade, transit to power and transport.

  • The two Prime Ministers did meet after the blockade was lifted, but the effervescent Mr. Oli would not hold back from suggesting that the true historical Ayodhya was within present-day Nepal, or that India’s aggressive bent called for replacing the national motto ‘Satyameva Jayate’ with ‘Singhameva Jayate’. 

  • Following an updated political map published by India in October 2019, Nepal’s Constitution was amended to add the Limpiyadhura-Kalapani triangle to its own map on the northwest.

  • Even as relations soured, New Delhi became more involved in Nepali governance and politics

  • Beyond politico-diplomatic pressures and above-ground activities of undercover personnel, New Delhi began fielding Hindutva advocates in the plains and hills. 

  • The Rashtraiya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) wanted to convert Nepal into their own image of India

  • The two Prime Ministers must use the opportunity of their elevation in Delhi and Kathmandu to clear the logjam. 

  • With his ‘Neighbourhood First’ initiative battered on all quadrants, Mr. Modi may want to start with policy corrections on Nepal as the nearest and closest neighbour. 

  • India’s relentless engagement with Nepal’s politics and governance goes against the principle of non-interference that is part of the Panchsheel doctrine

  • New Delhi should also understand that a hands-off policy will, ipso facto, lead to a politically stable and economically energised Nepal, which will in turn benefit India’s own national security and the economy of its Hindi heartland

  • Amidst unrelenting political chaos, the ability of Kathmandu’s political class, civil society, the bureaucracy and even security forces to speak on equal terms with Indian counterparts stands severely eroded. 

  • New Delhi must understand that while Nepal’s friendship with Beijing is non-negotiable, it will never be at the cost of India. 

  • Nepal cannot afford for it to be otherwise. 

  • Meanwhile, it is incongruous that New Delhi pressures Kathmandu on China-linked hydropower, airports and airlines even as China emerges as India’s largest trading partner

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: India and Nepal relationship UPSC NOTE
India and Nepal relationship UPSC NOTE
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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam
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