Why in news
Avian influenza (bird flu) is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects birds.
An emerging new lineage 2.3.4.4b of avian influenza has been spreading across the globe since late 2020.
Its carried by migratory birds following specific routes.
This panzootic has a significant effect on the avian population.
Its disastrous consequences to the ecology and significant economic loss affecting poultry across the world.
The virus can infect mammals from birds causing spillovers.
In recent years, several such instances of spillovers spanning over 200 species have been noted.
The most recent being polar bears in Antarctica.
Close contact with infected animals could mean the virus could spill over infecting humans and this comes with a significantly large fatality rate.
Influenza A H5N1
Influenza A H5N1, also known as avian influenza or bird flu.
It is a subtype of the influenza A virus that can cause illness in humans and many other animal species.
Wild aquatic birds are the natural reservoir for avian influenza A viruses.
A highly pathogenic strain of avian influenza A(H5N1) is called HPAI A(H5N1).
This is the most dangerous strain and can cause severe illness and death in birds.
Spreads among birds through contact with infected birds or their droppings.
Rarely transmitted from person to person.
Most human infections have resulted from direct contact with infected birds or their environment.
Antiviral medications can be used to treat influenza infections, but they are most effective if given early in the illness.
Avoiding contact with sick birds or their environment is the best way to prevent infection.
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