What is Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA)?
Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) are female community health workers employed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) as part of India's National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).
Launched in 2005, the program aimed to connect marginalized communities, particularly women and children, to the healthcare system by placing an "ASHA in every village."
Key Responsibilities:
ASHAs educate communities about various health issues, including maternal and child health, nutrition, sanitation, and hygiene.
They also dispel myths and misconceptions surrounding health.
ASHAs act as bridges between communities and healthcare facilities, encouraging people to utilize available health services like immunization, antenatal care, and family planning.
ASHAs offer first-aid, treat minor illnesses, and manage common ailments within their training and skillset.
They also refer patients requiring specialized care to appropriate health centers.
The ASHA program has significantly contributed to improved maternal and child health indicators in India.
It has led to increased immunization coverage, reduced infant mortality rates, and promoted better healthcare practices.
ASHAs, being part of the communities they serve, foster trust and understanding, making healthcare more accessible and acceptable.
They also empower women by providing them with knowledge, skills, and opportunities to participate in their own health and well-being.
ASHAs play a crucial role in delivering essential healthcare services at the community level, contributing to a more cost-effective healthcare system.
Selection of ASHA
Selecting an ASHA involves a rigorous process that aims to find individuals best suited to serve their communities effectively.
Eligibility:
Gender: Primarily women, though exceptions might exist in specific situations.
Age: Generally between 25-45 years old.
Residence: Must be a resident of the village/area they'll serve for at least six months.
Education: Minimum qualification is Class 8th pass, though higher education is preferred.
Other qualities: Effective communication skills, leadership qualities, ability to build rapport with the community, and commitment to public health.
Selection Process:
Local Nominations: Self-help groups, Anganwadi institutions, Gram Panchayats, and community members nominate potential candidates.
Shortlisting: A committee comprising village health committee members, local health workers, and government officials shortlist candidates based on eligibility and merit.
Community Meeting: Shortlisted candidates present their plans and answer questions in a public meeting, allowing the community to provide feedback.
Selection: The final selection is made by a committee considering community feedback, candidate qualifications, and interview performance.
Challenges faced by ASHAs, women who play a crucial role in India's healthcare system
ASHAs play a pivotal role in India's healthcare system, but they face numerous challenges that can hinder their effectiveness and well-being.
Financial and Job Security:
Most ASHAs receive performance-based incentives, leading to fluctuating incomes and financial insecurity.
Often, incentives are delayed for months, creating further financial strain.
Unlike other healthcare workers, ASHAs lack a fixed salary, which can impact their long-term financial planning and stability.
Work-Related Challenges:
ASHAs manage diverse responsibilities, leading to work overload and burnout.
Limited access to transportation, communication tools, and medical supplies can hamper their work.
ASHAs may face resistance from communities due to traditional practices, gender stereotypes, or lack of awareness about their role.
Working in remote areas or challenging environments can expose them to risks like harassment or violence.
Personal and Professional Development:
Ongoing training and skill development opportunities are crucial, but resources and access can be limited.
The program primarily offers voluntary service, with limited opportunities for career advancement or professional recognition.
Balancing family responsibilities with their demanding work can be challenging for many ASHAs.
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