Why in News
Recent times, India – Canada relation is in escalated tensions due to the position of tow countries in Khalistan issue.
Now External minister confirm that visa process with Canada has stopped due to the violation of Vienna convention.
Vienna Convention
It is an international agreement that regulates treaties among sovereign states.
It was adopted on 22 May 1969 by the United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties and entered into force on 27 January 1980.
As of 2023, the Convention has 119 states parties.
The Vienna Convention codifies customary international law and state practice concerning treaties.
It covers topics, including:
The definition of a treaty
The conclusion of treaties
The entry into force of treaties
The interpretation of treaties
The amendment and termination of treaties
The invalidity of treaties
Vienna convention provides a framework for States to negotiate, conclude, and implement treaties in a fair and orderly manner.
Key principles of the Vienna Convention:
Pacta sunt servanda: Treaties must be observed in good faith and their provisions carried out diligently.
Consensus ad idem: Treaties must be based on the genuine consent of the parties.
Rebus sic stantibus: Treaties may be terminated or suspended if there is a fundamental change of circumstances.
The Vienna Convention has been highly influential and used to interpret wide range of areas, including trade, investment, human rights, and environmental protection.
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