Gender disparities in economics are a major issue in the contemporary world.
They are caused by a number of factors, including income inequality, education inequality, and healthcare inequality.
One of the most significant gender disparities in economics is the income gap between men and women.
According to the World Economic Forum, women earn an average of 77% of what men earn for doing the same work.
This disparity is even greater in developing countries, where women earn an average of only 60% of what men earn.
Another major gender disparity in economics is the lack of women in leadership positions.
Women hold only 25% of senior management positions worldwide.
This is due in part to the fact that women are less likely to be promoted into leadership roles than men, even when they have the same qualifications and experience.
Gender disparities in economics also have a negative impact on the global economy.
The World Bank estimates that gender inequality costs the global economy $160 trillion per year.
Things that can be done to address gender disparities in economics.
One important step is to close the gender pay gap. Ensuring that women are paid the same as men for doing the same work.
Providing women with the training and support they need to advance into leadership positions.
Changing Nature of Work
Patterns of economic growth have shifted globally.
Long-term employment in industrial forms of establishments is becoming harder to find even in rich countries.
Things that can be done to address gender disparities in economics.
One important step is to close the gender pay gap. Ensuring that women are paid the same as men for doing the same work.
Providing women with the training and support they need to advance into leadership positions.
Changing Nature of Work
Patterns of economic growth have shifted globally.
Long-term employment in industrial forms of establishments is becoming harder to find even in rich countries.
Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964
More employment is being generated now in the gig economy and the informal sector.
Even in large industrial establishments, jobs are on short-term contracts.
These trends in the future of work are a special challenge for India.
They are finding fewer opportunities for dignified work with adequate income and social security even though the Indian economy is among the fastest growing in the world.
India, ranks 132 out of 191 countries in human development.
Care-giving work is not valued in the money economy.
The millions of women providing domestic services, and millions more who are providing care in communities as ASHA workers (Accredited Social Health Activist) and anganwadi workers in primary health and education, are very poorly paid.
The Indian Prime Minister has called upon the G-20 to support human-centric development going beyond GDP.
The vision of globalisation so far has been “One Earth, One Economy, One Future”.
India's policy vision for economic growth
India's policy vision for economic growth is focused on creating a $5 trillion economy by 2025.
This ambitious goal is based on key pillars, including:
India is investing heavily in infrastructure development,
including roads, railways, airports, and ports.
This investment is essential for creating jobs, attracting investment, and boosting economic growth.
India is aiming to become a global leader in manufacturing.
This is being done through the Make in India program and the Production Linked Incentive Scheme.
India's policy vision for economic growth
India's services sector is already a major contributor to the economy.
The government is aiming to further develop this sector by promoting digitalization and innovation.
India is making it easier for businesses to invest and operate in the country.
The government is committed to ensuring that the benefits of economic growth are shared by all.
This is being done through a number of initiatives, including the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) and the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY).
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
The 17 SDG to be achieved by 2030.
Its cover a range of environmental, social, and economic problems that must be solved simultaneously to make progress more inclusive and sustainable.
The G-20 has assessed that, at the midway point to 2030, the global progress on SDGs is off-track with only 12% of targets on track.
The prevalent paradigm of public policy is for domain experts to determine best solutions in their areas.
Government organizations and non-governmental organizations to deliver them on scale.
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