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Monoclonal antibodies UPSC NOTE

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  Monoclonal antibodies Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-made proteins. It mimic the behavior of antibodies produced by the immune syste...

 

Monoclonal antibodies

  • Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-made proteins.

  • It mimic the behavior of antibodies produced by the immune system to protect against diseases and foreign substances.

  • An antibody attaches itself to an antigen.

  • Immune system eliminate the disease-causing molecule  from the body.

  • Monoclonal antibodies are specifically designed to target certain antigens.

What is m102.4?

  • It’s a monoclonal antibody that neutralises Hendra and Nipah viruses in and outside of living organisms.

  • The antibody passes phase one of clinical trails.

  • The m102.4 already tested in less number of people to identify its correct dosage and side effects.

  • Now this drug is available under “compassionate use”.

  • Compassionate use means, a treatment option that allows the use of an unauthorized medicine under strict conditions among people where no other alternative treatment  possible.

How do monoclonal antibodies work?

  • Monoclonal antibodies are specifically engineered and generated to target a disease.

  • They are meant to attach with a specific disease-causing antigen, most likely to be a protein.

  • The binding prevented the protein from exercising its regular functions, including its ability to infect other cells.

  • Hybridoma – a fusion cell made up of B cells (white blood cells that produce antibodies) and myeloma cells (abnormal plasma cells.

  • These hybrid cells produce single cell antibody know as monoclonal antibody.

  • Today, these antibodies are made using recombinant DNA technology.

  • Glycoproteins are one of the major components of viruses that cause diseases in humans.

  • The m102.4 monoclonal antibody binds itself to the immunodominant receptor-binding glycoprotein of the Nipah virus, potentially neutralising it.

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Learnerz IAS | Concept oriented UPSC Classes in Malayalam: Monoclonal antibodies UPSC NOTE
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