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SCO Summit 2023 UPSC NOTE

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  Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) SCO is a permanent intergovernmental international organization . It’s a Eurasian political, econo...

 


Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

  • SCO is a permanent intergovernmental international organization.

  • It’s a Eurasian political, economic and military organization aiming to maintain peace, security and stability in the region.

  • It was created in 2001.

  • The SCO Charter was signed in 2002, and entered into force in 2003.

  • Headquarters: Beijing, China


SCO Members

  • Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India, Pakistan(8) 

  • Prior to the creation of SCO in 2001, Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan were members of the Shanghai Five

  • India and Pakistan became members in 2017

  • On 17th September, 2021, it was announced that Iran would become a full member of the SCO

  • There are 3 Observer States interested in acceding to full membership: Afghanistan, Belarus, Mongolia

  • There are 6 Dialogue Partners: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Turkey.


SCO - Objectives

  • Strengthening mutual trust and neighborliness among the member states.

  • Promoting effective cooperation in -politics, trade & economy, research & technology and culture.

  • Enhancing ties in education, energy, transport, tourism, environmental protection, etc.

  • Maintain and ensure peace, security and stability in the region.

  • Establishment of a democratic, fair and rational new international political & economic order.


SCO - Structure

  • Heads of State Council – The supreme SCO body which decides its internal functioning and its interaction with other States & international organisations, and considers international issues.

  • Heads of Government Council – Approves the budget, considers and decides upon issues related to economic spheres of interaction within SCO.

  • Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs – Considers issues related to day-to-day activities.

  • Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) – Established to combat terrorism, separatism and extremism.


SCO summit 2023

  • The 2023 SCO summit is hosted by India virtually.

  • Iran formally become a full member of SCO.

  • The grouping’s decision to induct Iran as its ninth and latest member was one of a number of agreements signed at the summit.

  • The agreements signed include 

    • The New Delhi Declaration, outlining areas of cooperation between SCO countries.

    • A joint statement on countering radicalisation.

    • On digital transformation, where India offered to share expertise on digital payment interfaces.



  • In a reference to sanctions on Russia and Iran, SCO members jointly criticised non-UN sanctions as “incompatible with the principles of international law”, which have a “negative impact” on other countries.

  • SCO members also agreed to explore the use of “national currencies” for payments within the grouping, which would circumvent international dollar-based payments.

  • India opposes the BRI over its inclusion of projects in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.

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