Metagenomics
Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental or clinical samples by a method called sequencing.
The broad field may also be referred to as environmental genomics, ecogenomics, community genomics or microbiomics.
While traditional microbiology and microbial genome sequencing and genomics rely upon cultivated clonal cultures, early environmental gene sequencing cloned specific genes (often the 16S rRNA gene) to produce a profile of diversity in a natural sample.
Such work revealed that the vast majority of microbial biodiversity had been missed by cultivation-based methods.
Metagenomics examines the genomic composition of an entire organism, including each of the microbes that exist within it.
It is an important concept for the microbes and the host to be thought of as interdependent and observed as a community, rather than considered to be separate entities.
Metagenomics aims to make advancements in environmental and clinical microbiology.
But difficulty to make a culture and the genomic diversity of microbes.
Significance of metagenomics
It is hoped that increased understanding of the nature of microbes in the environment could have a significant impact on other sciences and research areas, such as medicine, biology, biotechnology and ecology.
Understanding the composition and functional roles of microbial communities in various environments, such as the human gut, soil, oceans, and plants. This knowledge has implications for health, agriculture, and ecology.
Investigating the role of microbial communities in human health and disease.
Metagenomic analysis can help identify potential pathogens, study the human microbiome, and understand the impact of microbial dysbiosis on various health conditions.
It is rapid and deployed directly on patient samples, without any a priori knowledge of the infectious agent.
Identifying novel enzymes, pathways, and metabolic functions from environmental samples, which can be used for industrial processes, such as bioremediation, biofuel production.
Assessing the impact of pollution, climate change, and other environmental factors on microbial ecosystems. Metagenomics can provide insights into ecosystem health and aid in conservation efforts.
Exploring natural products and bioactive compounds produced by diverse microorganisms in the environment, which may have potential applications in drug development.
COMMENTS